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发布时间： 2021-12-21 07:57
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Mr. Smith was a wealthy industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He did not sleep well and his food did not agree with him. This situation lasted for some time. Finally, after several sleepless nights, he decided to consult his doctor. The doctor advised a change of surroundings. “Go abroad,” he said. “But I'm not good at foreign language,” said Mr. Smith. “It doesn't matter,” said the doctor. “It won't hurt you to talk a little less. Go on a voyage. Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your weight. Avoid rich food.”
Mr. Smith went to Switzerland. He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures. He attended a physical training course. The instructor made him bend his knees, swing his arms, stretch his neck and shake his head rapidly. He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs alternately. After a time his muscles grew hard and firm. He forgot the financial crisis and the importance of raising the level of production. He even began to notice individual trees and individual birds.
Finally he returned home. But unfortunately his improvement was only temporary. Soon he was a normal businessman again, worried about his property, his profits, his savings, his advancement in a technological society, and things in general.
In the last paragraph, the word “temporary” means ____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章最后一段讲到，史密斯先生回家后，又开始为他企业的事务而担忧，所以他在国外身体状况的好转只是“temporary”。由此可知“temporary”意思是“lasting for a short time”。
Mr. Smith was a wealthy industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He did not sleep well and his food did not agree with him. This situation lasted for some time. Finally, after several sleepless nights, he decided to consult his doctor. The doctor advised a change of surroundings. “Go abroad,” he said. “But I'm not good at foreign language,” said Mr. Smith. “It doesn't matter,” said the doctor. “It won't hurt you to talk a little less. Go on a voyage. Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your weight. Avoid rich food.”
Mr. Smith went to Switzerland. He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures. He attended a physical training course. The instructor made him bend his knees, swing his arms, stretch his neck and shake his head rapidly. He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs alternately. After a time his muscles grew hard and firm. He forgot the financial crisis and the importance of raising the level of production. He even began to notice individual trees and individual birds.
Finally he returned home. But unfortunately his improvement was only temporary. Soon he was a normal businessman again, worried about his property, his profits, his savings, his advancement in a technological society, and things in general.
When he traveled abroad, Mr. Smith ____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章第二段讲到史密斯先生到瑞士后参加了健身课，期间他忘掉了与企业有关的所有烦恼(He forgot the financial crisis and the importance of raising the level of production).
Mr. Smith was a wealthy industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He did not sleep well and his food did not agree with him. This situation lasted for some time. Finally, after several sleepless nights, he decided to consult his doctor. The doctor advised a change of surroundings. “Go abroad,” he said. “But I'm not good at foreign language,” said Mr. Smith. “It doesn't matter,” said the doctor. “It won't hurt you to talk a little less. Go on a voyage. Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your weight. Avoid rich food.”
Mr. Smith went to Switzerland. He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures. He attended a physical training course. The instructor made him bend his knees, swing his arms, stretch his neck and shake his head rapidly. He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs alternately. After a time his muscles grew hard and firm. He forgot the financial crisis and the importance of raising the level of production. He even began to notice individual trees and individual birds.
Finally he returned home. But unfortunately his improvement was only temporary. Soon he was a normal businessman again, worried about his property, his profits, his savings, his advancement in a technological society, and things in general.
In the second paragraph, the word “gestures” means ____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章第二段第二句讲到，史密斯先生不懂法语和德语，必须通过“gestures”才能与他人交流。根据常识得知“gestures”的意思应为“body movements”。
Mr. Smith was a wealthy industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He did not sleep well and his food did not agree with him. This situation lasted for some time. Finally, after several sleepless nights, he decided to consult his doctor. The doctor advised a change of surroundings. “Go abroad,” he said. “But I'm not good at foreign language,” said Mr. Smith. “It doesn't matter,” said the doctor. “It won't hurt you to talk a little less. Go on a voyage. Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your weight. Avoid rich food.”
Mr. Smith went to Switzerland. He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures. He attended a physical training course. The instructor made him bend his knees, swing his arms, stretch his neck and shake his head rapidly. He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs alternately. After a time his muscles grew hard and firm. He forgot the financial crisis and the importance of raising the level of production. He even began to notice individual trees and individual birds.
Finally he returned home. But unfortunately his improvement was only temporary. Soon he was a normal businessman again, worried about his property, his profits, his savings, his advancement in a technological society, and things in general.
Mr. Smith went to see his doctor because he ____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章第一段讲到，史密斯先生睡不好觉，吃不好饭，接着又连续几天失眠，然后才去看医生。D项符合题意。
For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章最后一段表明：他们享受成功解决问题的满足感。
For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章第三段第六行解释了孩子进行动作的原因是为了激活电灯的开关。
For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
Papousek noticed in his studies that baby ____.（ ）
本题解析：
第三段第三行表明：孩子喝饱后会拒绝接受更多的牛奶，但动作仍然继续进行。
For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____.（ ）
本题解析：
文章从第二段开始一直在解释即使没有物质奖励孩子也会学习。
The “Earth Hour” movement—initiated by the World Wildlife Fund is set to be marked around the world. In an effort to bring attention to global climate change, the group is calling for lights to be turned off across the globe between 8:30 p.m. and 9:30 p.m. on Saturday.
Some of the most famous places in China will join “Earth Hour”. The Bird's Nest and the Water Cube in Beijing and the Oriental Pearl Broadcasting Tower in Shanghai will switch off their lights for one hour on Saturday evening. Citizens, communities, and companies around the country are doing their part to organize and promote the movement.
So far, more than 2,400 cities from 81 countries and 1 billion people from around the world have joined “Earth Hour”. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon is urging more people to participate and make some contribution to the efforts against global warming.
“Earth Hour” began in Sydney in 2007. In 3 years, it has grown into one of the world's largest joint actions dealing with climate change.
On March 31st, 2007, over 2.2 million homes and businesses in Sydney switched off their lights for one hour. It was estimated that electricity saved during that hour could sustain 200,000 TV sets for one hour.
As an added reward, Sydney residents joining the movement said they could see more stars than ever during that night. After that, “Earth Hour” spread around the world at an amazing speed. In 2008, from Oceania to Asia, from Europe to America, 50 million people switched off their lights. More and more people have been joining the “Earth Hour” movement and contributing in their own way to save our planet.
Which of the following is one of the results of the “Earth Hour” movement?（ ）
本题解析：
本文只在第六段提到they could see more stars than ever during that night．其他三项文章里没有提到。
The “Earth Hour” movement—initiated by the World Wildlife Fund is set to be marked around the world. In an effort to bring attention to global climate change, the group is calling for lights to be turned off across the globe between 8:30 p.m. and 9:30 p.m. on Saturday.
Some of the most famous places in China will join “Earth Hour”. The Bird's Nest and the Water Cube in Beijing and the Oriental Pearl Broadcasting Tower in Shanghai will switch off their lights for one hour on Saturday evening. Citizens, communities, and companies around the country are doing their part to organize and promote the movement.
So far, more than 2,400 cities from 81 countries and 1 billion people from around the world have joined “Earth Hour”. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon is urging more people to participate and make some contribution to the efforts against global warming.
“Earth Hour” began in Sydney in 2007. In 3 years, it has grown into one of the world's largest joint actions dealing with climate change.
On March 31st, 2007, over 2.2 million homes and businesses in Sydney switched off their lights for one hour. It was estimated that electricity saved during that hour could sustain 200,000 TV sets for one hour.
As an added reward, Sydney residents joining the movement said they could see more stars than ever during that night. After that, “Earth Hour” spread around the world at an amazing speed. In 2008, from Oceania to Asia, from Europe to America, 50 million people switched off their lights. More and more people have been joining the “Earth Hour” movement and contributing in their own way to save our planet.
By now, how many people have joined “Earth Hour”?（ ）
本题解析：
从第三段So far，more than 2400 cities from 81 countries and 1 billion people from around the world have joined“Earth Hour”．可知，参加这一活动的人数大约是1 billion。
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