　　Inanequitablesociety,everyon-考网

　　In an equitable society, everyone will have the same opportunities to pursue a life of their choosing, whether this in terms of acquiring an education, obtaining credit, finding a job or participating in the public debate, regardless of their country of birth, the wealth and social status of their parents, or their gender, race, caste, ethnicity or social class. The distribution of income, education levels, wealth and other assets will typically be uneven even in an equitable society, because people differ in the effort they make, how they choose to spend their time, in their desire to bear risks, or in the way they process information. But everyone should have the opportunity to make the most of their talents and energies. When they do so, it is not only good and just and fair for the individual, it is good for the society as a whole, because equity and growth are, in the long run, complementary. Equity is not the same as equality. This year’s World Development Report, focuses on equity. And I’m following the usage of equity in that report that was just issued where equity is defined as equality of opportunities, where opportunities are the factors that make it possible for people to generate a certain income and achieve a certain level of well-being. Note that this is not the same as equality in income. Inequality of incomes is not only acceptable, but it may even be desirable for the incentives it provides for people to do well. But inequalities in opportunity not only harm the individual but can retard growth.

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在一个公平的社会里，所有人不分家庭出身、财产状况、社会地位、性别、民族、阶级、种族、社会阶层，都有同等的机会去追求自己的生活，不管是求学，贷款，找工作还是参加公共辩论。因为人们在所付出的努力，利用时间的方式，敢于冒险的精神以及获取信息的方式等方面存在差异，使得即使在公平的社会里，收入的分配，教育水平，财产和其他资产也不可能均等。但是每个人都应有机会充分利用自己的精力和才智。如此不仅对个人是有益的，公正的和公平的，对整个社会也是有益的。因为从长期来看，公平和增长是互补的。公平并不是平等。今年的世界发展报告焦点在于公平。我在此所说的公平就是刚刚发布的报告中所提及的。在报告中，公平被定义为机会均等。机会可以使人们获得一定的收入，达到一定程度的富足。但注意这并不是说收入上的均等。收入上的不均等不仅是可以被接受的，而且会刺激人们做得更好。但是机会的不均等不仅不利于个体，还会阻碍发展。