“A writer’s job is to tell the truth,” said Hemingway in 1942. No other writer of our time had so fiercely asserted, so pugnaciously defended or so consistently exemplified the writer’s obligation to speak truly. His standard of truth-telling remained, moreover, so high and so rigorous that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience. “I only know what I have seen,” was a statement which came often to his lips and pen. What he had personally done, or what he knew unforgettably by having gone through one version of it, was what he was interested in telling about. This is not to say that he refused to invent freely. But he always made it a sacrosanct point to invent in terms of what he actually knew from having been there.
The primary intent of his writing, from first to last, was to seize and project for the reader what he often called “the way it was.” This is a characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity, and Hemingway’s conception of its meaning subtly changed several times in the course of his career-always in the direction of greater complexity. At the core of the concept, however, one can invariably discern the operation of three aesthetic instruments; the sense of place the sense of fact and the sense of scene.
The first of these, obviously a strong passion with Hemingway, is the sense of place. “Unless you have geography, background,” he once told George Anteil, “You have nothing.” You have, that is to say, a dramatic vacuum. Few writers have been more place-conscious. Few have so carefully charted out the geographical ground work of their novels while managing to keep background so conspicuously unobtrusive. Few, accordingly, have been able to record more economically and graphically the way it is when you walk through the streets of Paris in search of breakfast at corner café… Or when, at around six O’s clock of a Spanish dawn, you watch the bulls running from the corrals at the Puerta Rochapea through the streets of Pamplona towards the bullring.
“When I woke it was the sound of the rocket exploding that announced the release of the bulls from the corrals at the edge of town. Down below the narrow street was empty. All the balconies were crowded with people. Suddenly a crowd came down the street. They were all running, packed close together. They passed along and up the street toward the bullring and behind them came more men running faster, and then some stragglers who were really running. Behind them was a little bare space, and then the bulls, galloping, tossing their heads up and down. It all went out of sight around the corner. One man fell, rolled to the gutter, and lay quiet. But the bulls went right on and did not notice him. They were all running together.”
This landscape is as morning-fresh as a design in India ink on clean white paper. First is the bare white street, seen from above, quiet and empty. Then one sees the first packed clot of runners. Behind these are the thinner ranks of those who move faster because they are closer to bulls. Then the almost comic stragglers, who are “really running.” brilliantly behind these shines the “little bare space,” a desperate margin for error. Then the clot of running bulls-closing the design, except of course for the man in the gutter making himself, like the designer’s initials, as inconspicuous as possible.
One might infer from the passage that Hemingway preferred which one of the following sources for his novels and short stories?
从“he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience”可知他只相信自己的经验。
女性，61岁，3h前上楼时突发胸骨后疼痛，伴出汗，不能缓解，既往无冠心病病史，排除心梗发生的实验室检查首选的标志物是
血浆凝固酶试验阳性的是
关于肠球菌，错误的是
检查高压灭菌器的灭菌效果时用的生物指标是
不宜冷藏的细菌是
下列哪项试验不是凝集试验
关于临床血清酶活力测定的下列叙述哪项是错误的
影响血沉的因素不包括
摄入未熟透的海产品后引起急性胃肠炎，表现为血水样便，其病原菌可能是
抗Sm抗体与下列哪种疾病最相关
