A bond is issued by a guarantor，usually fl bank or an insurance company， on behalf of an exporter. It is a guarantee to the buyer that the exporter will fulfill his contractual obligations. If these obligations are not fulfilled，the guarantor undertakes to pay a sum of money to the buyer in compensation.
This sum of money can be anything from l% to 100%of the contract value.
If the bond is issued by a bank，then exporter is asked to sign a counter indemnity which authorizes the bank to debit his account with any money paid out under the bond. Bonds are usually required in connection with overseas contracts，or with the supply of capital goods and services. When there is a buyer’s market，the provision of a bond can be made an essential condition for the granting of the contract. Middle Eastern countries commonly require bonds，but nowadays many other countries also require bonds. Most international aid agencies，such as the World Bank or the European Development Fund，and most government purchasing organizations in the developing world，now require bonds from sellers. [中国工商银行真题]
When the supply for a certain service is less than the demand on the market，the requirement by the importer to get a bond is much（ ）.
由第三段“When there is a buyer’s market，the provision of a bond can be made an essential condition for the granting of the contract. ”可知，在买方市场时，申请保函会更困难。
根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》的规定，我国货币政策的最终目标是（ ），并以此促进经济增长。
箱子里面有红、白两种玻璃球，红球数比白球数的3倍多两个，每次从箱子里取出7个白球、15个红球。如果经过若干次以后，箱子里只剩下3个白球、53个红球，那么，箱子里原有红球比白球多多少个?
将自然数1~100分别写在完全相同的100张卡片上，然后打乱卡片，先后随机取出4张，问这4张先后取出的卡片上的数字呈增序的几率是多少？（）
对于债券利率的风险结构，描述正确的有（ ）。
市场经济体制下，财政具有的职能有( )。
（ ）决定着生产关系。
左边给定的是纸盒的外表面，下列哪一项能由它折叠而成？（ ）
货币制度最基本的内容是规定（ ）。
如果一国货币汇率上升，即对外升值，就可能会导致（ ）。
（）
