试述经典性条件反射与操作性条件反射的不同点与相同点。
二者的共同点在于他们都认为学习的最终结果是建立某种刺激与某种反应之间的联结，都强调外在的刺激和能够测量的外在反应，而对内在的心理过程不重视。
不同点：(1)联结建立的顺序不同。经典性条件反射通过将无条件刺激与某一中性刺激结合一次或多次后，最终建立与某一反应之间的联结；操作性条件反射强调在某种刺激情境中，建立某一正确反应与某一强化刺激之间的联结。简言之，前者是建立S-R联结，后者是建立R-S联结；(2)刺激的含义不同。前者是指不能引起反应的中性刺激，后者是指具有奖励性质的强化刺激,而不是中性刺激；(3)反应的含义不同。前者主要是指个体生来就有的情绪反应或内脏和腺体的一些反应，而后者是指个体能够主动控制的肢体的外在反应；(4)适用条件不同。前者主要用于解释人们的各种情绪性反应、内脏或腺体的反应是如何与各种中性刺激建立联系的，其内在机制是怎样的；而后者主要是解释如何有效地建立、形成新的行为，尤其是如何利用强化手段来形成良好的行为或改变不良行为。
我国保护少年儿童权益的专项法律是《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》。（ ）
根据以下材料，回答题
If you don′t think a phone is the rightgift for a lover, the smart choice this year is a smart phone.
For people who don′t read instructions
The easiest-to-use phone is the iPhone. It′sthat has pushed it to the No.1 selling position, surpassing the Motorola Razr.The iPhone′s touch screen is easy to operate and it′s also easy to customize (用户化). The iPhone can run allsorts of applications such as those help you to lose weight, identify a song onthe radio, find a restaurant or do many other things.
For the futurist
The T-Mobile G1 is very popular as it is thefirst phone to offer a Google browser, meaning that you′re getting the real webon your phone, but it′s the phone′s potential that qualifies it for the futurist.The exciting applications are interesting, but they don′t always work smoothly.Sometimes it is hard to use the applications it comes with. The system shouldimprove as it becomes more popular, so it holds great promise. With fewrestrictions on the design of applications for the phone,
the G1 could be the first phone toincorporate (整合) some of the coolest.
For the road warrior
The new BlackBerry Storm is something likethe equivalent (等同物) of a mullet--a business up front, party in the back. It stillincorporates the serious mail and organization features that have endeared (使受钟爱) these phones to business people. The 3.25-inch is bright anddetailed and it′s a decent size for watching videos on the go.
For the Luddite (反对技术进步的人)
For those who can′t handle buttons and newfeatures, there is the Samsung Jitterbug Dial. Some people are Luddites whojust want a few large buttons to make calls. That′s it, just calls. That makesit even easier to use an iPhone.
What would be the best title forthe passage (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
简述学生的义务。
依据《普通高中英语课程标准》，语言有丰富的文化内涵。教师应根据学生的年龄特点和__________ ，逐步扩展文化知识的内容和范围。
计算机软件是指（ ）。
下面哪一项不属于维护交易安全原则的内容？（ ）
围绕《建国以来的重大科技成就》一课，做一个教案。
请围绕“城乡发展一体化”写一篇小论文，题目自拟，角度不限，要求：结构完善、条理清晰、有说服力。
在国际关系中，第三世界国家历来是中国团结合作的对象，因为 ①第三世界国家是国际社会一支重要的政治力量 ②团结第三世界国家符合中国的国家利益 ③合作是第三世界国家共同发展的必由之路 ④第三世界国家在南北关系中处于主导地位（ ）
微观经济学要解决的问题是（ ）
