根据韦纳的成败归因理论,谈谈学生对学习结果的不同归因对以后学-考网

根据韦纳的成败归因理论,谈谈学生对学习结果的不同归因对以后学习行为的影响。

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本题解析：

(1)美国心理学家韦纳对行为结果的归因进行了系统探讨，把归因分为三个维度六个因素。三个维度为内部和外部、稳定性和非稳定性、可控制和不可控制维度;六个因素为能力高低、努力程度、任务难易、运气（机遇）好坏、身体状况,外界环境。

(2)就稳定性维度而言，如果学习者把成功或失败归因于稳定因素（能力、任务难度），则对未来的学习结果也会抱成功或失败的预期，并会增强他们的自豪感、自信心或产生羞耻感、自卑感；如果把成功或失败归因于不稳定因素（努力、运气），则不会影响他们对未来成功或失败的期望，其成败体验也不会影响到将来的学习行为。

(3)就内在性维度而言，如果学习者将成功或失败归因于自身内在的因素（能力、努力），会产生积极的自我价值感，进而更投人到未来的学习活动中去，或形成消极的自我意象，从而更避免参与成就性任务；如果将成功或失败归因于机体外在因素（任务难度、运气），则学习结果不会对其自我意象产生什么影响。

(4)就可控性维度而言，如果学习者把成功或失败归因于可控因素（努力），会对自己充满信心或产生一种自责感；如果把成功或失败归因于不可控因素（能力、任务难度、运气），则会产生感激心情或仇视报复情绪，因此也就不可能激发下一步的活动动机。

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If you don′t think a phone is the rightgift for a lover, the smart choice this year is a smart phone.

For people who don′t read instructions

The easiest-to-use phone is the iPhone. It′sthat has pushed it to the No.1 selling position, surpassing the Motorola Razr.The iPhone′s touch screen is easy to operate and it′s also easy to customize (用户化). The iPhone can run allsorts of applications such as those help you to lose weight, identify a song onthe radio, find a restaurant or do many other things.

For the futurist

The T-Mobile G1 is very popular as it is thefirst phone to offer a Google browser, meaning that you′re getting the real webon your phone, but it′s the phone′s potential that qualifies it for the futurist.The exciting applications are interesting, but they don′t always work smoothly.Sometimes it is hard to use the applications it comes with. The system shouldimprove as it becomes more popular, so it holds great promise. With fewrestrictions on the design of applications for the phone,

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For the road warrior

The new BlackBerry Storm is something likethe equivalent (等同物) of a mullet--a business up front, party in the back. It stillincorporates the serious mail and organization features that have endeared (使受钟爱) these phones to business people. The 3.25-inch is bright anddetailed and it′s a decent size for watching videos on the go.

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