阐述早期的四种迁移理论的基本观点。
[答案要点](1)形式训练说。它是以官能心理学为依据，认为人的各种活动都由相应的官能所主宰，各种官能分别从事不同的活动，迁移要经过一个“形式训练”的过程才能产生。迁移是无条件的、自动发生的。
(2)共同要素说。当两种情境中有相同要素或共同要素时，迁移才能产生。相同或共同要素指相同的刺激与反应的联结，刺激相似而且反应也相似时，两情境的迁移才能发生，相同联结越多，迁移越大。迁移是非常具体的并且是有条件的，需要有共同的要素。
(3)经验类化理论。贾德的经验类化理论则强调概括化的经验或原理在迁移中的作用。贾德认为，产生迁移的关键是，学习者在两种活动中概括出它们之间的共同原理。
(4)关系转换理论。习得的经验能否迁移，取决于个体能否理解各个要素之间形成的整体关系，能否理解原理与实际事物之间的关系，即对情境中一切关系的理解和顿悟是获得一般迁移的最根本要素。
我国保护少年儿童权益的专项法律是《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》。（ ）
根据以下材料，回答题
If you don′t think a phone is the rightgift for a lover, the smart choice this year is a smart phone.
For people who don′t read instructions
The easiest-to-use phone is the iPhone. It′sthat has pushed it to the No.1 selling position, surpassing the Motorola Razr.The iPhone′s touch screen is easy to operate and it′s also easy to customize (用户化). The iPhone can run allsorts of applications such as those help you to lose weight, identify a song onthe radio, find a restaurant or do many other things.
For the futurist
The T-Mobile G1 is very popular as it is thefirst phone to offer a Google browser, meaning that you′re getting the real webon your phone, but it′s the phone′s potential that qualifies it for the futurist.The exciting applications are interesting, but they don′t always work smoothly.Sometimes it is hard to use the applications it comes with. The system shouldimprove as it becomes more popular, so it holds great promise. With fewrestrictions on the design of applications for the phone,
the G1 could be the first phone toincorporate (整合) some of the coolest.
For the road warrior
The new BlackBerry Storm is something likethe equivalent (等同物) of a mullet--a business up front, party in the back. It stillincorporates the serious mail and organization features that have endeared (使受钟爱) these phones to business people. The 3.25-inch is bright anddetailed and it′s a decent size for watching videos on the go.
For the Luddite (反对技术进步的人)
For those who can′t handle buttons and newfeatures, there is the Samsung Jitterbug Dial. Some people are Luddites whojust want a few large buttons to make calls. That′s it, just calls. That makesit even easier to use an iPhone.
What would be the best title forthe passage (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
MP3（ ）。
简述学生的义务。
依据《普通高中英语课程标准》，语言有丰富的文化内涵。教师应根据学生的年龄特点和__________ ，逐步扩展文化知识的内容和范围。
计算机软件是指（ ）。
下面哪一项不属于维护交易安全原则的内容？（ ）
围绕《建国以来的重大科技成就》一课，做一个教案。
请围绕“城乡发展一体化”写一篇小论文，题目自拟，角度不限，要求：结构完善、条理清晰、有说服力。
在国际关系中，第三世界国家历来是中国团结合作的对象，因为 ①第三世界国家是国际社会一支重要的政治力量 ②团结第三世界国家符合中国的国家利益 ③合作是第三世界国家共同发展的必由之路 ④第三世界国家在南北关系中处于主导地位（ ）
