Scientists havelong argued whether hypocrisy is driven by emotion or by reason. In other moraljudgments, brain imaging shows, regions involved in feeling, not thinking,rule. The role of emotion in moral judgments has overturned the Enlightenmentnotion that our ethical sense is based on high-minded philosophy and cognition.That brings us to hypocrisy, which is almost ridiculously easy to bring out inpeople.
In a new study,psychologist David De Steno instructed 94 people to assign themselves and astranger of two tasks: an easy one or a hard one. Then everyone was asked, howfairly did you act? Next they watched someone else make the assignments, andjudged that person′s ethics. Selflessness was a virtual no-show: 87 Out of 94people opted forth easy task and gave the next guy the difficult one.Hypocrisy, however, showed up with bells on: every single person who made theselfish choice judged his own behavior less strictly--on average,4.5 vs3.1--than that of someone else who grabbed the easy task for himself.
The gap suggests howhypocrisy is possible. When we judge our own misbehaviors less harshly, DeSteno said, it may be because "we have this automatic, gut-level instinctto preserve our self-image. In our heart, maybe we′re just not as sensitive toour own immoral behaviors. People have learned that it pays to seem moral sinceit lets you avoid criticism and guilt. But even better is appearing moralwithout having to pay the cost of actually being moral-such as assigningyourself the tough job."
To test the role ofcognition in hypocrisy, De Steno had volunteers again assign themselves an easytask and a stranger a difficult one. But before judging the fairness of theiractions, they had to memorize seven numbers. This tactic keeps the brain′sthinking regions too tied up to think much about anything else, and it worked:hypocrisy vanished. People judged their own (selfish) behavior as harshly asthey did others′, strong evidence that moral hypocrisy requires
推理题。文章第二段介绍了David De Steno做的实验：让实验对象给自己和陌生人分配任务，并为自己和别人分配任务的公平性打分。结果是无私的现象完全没有出现(Selflessness was a virtual no—show)，人们都为自己选了轻松的任务而把困难的任务留给了别人，但是伪善倒是显现了(showed up with bells on)，人们对自己的自私行为比对别人的自私行为更宽容(4．5 VS．3．1)。这说明人们一方面是自私的，要求实
际利益．另一方面给自己的公平性分数较高，要维护个人形象，故选C。
“有为才有位，有位更有为”，这一看法给我们的启示是（ ）
对立统一规律揭示了事物发展的( )。
历史唯物主义认为人的价值在于（ ）
矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系是（ ）
在认识过程中具有更为重要意义的飞跃是指（）
毛泽东第一次提出“马克思列宁主义理论和中国革命的实践相结合”这个根本思想原则的著作是（ ）
真理的具体性体现在( )。
下列表述错误的是（ ）。
“没有抽象的真理，真理总是具体的。”这一思想可以理解为( )。
毛泽东在( )这篇文章中提出了“没有调查，就没有发言权”的著名论断。
