Scientists havelong argued whether hypocrisy is driven by emotion or by reason. In other moraljudgments, brain imaging shows, regions involved in feeling, not thinking,rule. The role of emotion in moral judgments has overturned the Enlightenmentnotion that our ethical sense is based on high-minded philosophy and cognition.That brings us to hypocrisy, which is almost ridiculously easy to bring out inpeople.
In a new study,psychologist David De Steno instructed 94 people to assign themselves and astranger of two tasks: an easy one or a hard one. Then everyone was asked, howfairly did you act? Next they watched someone else make the assignments, andjudged that person′s ethics. Selflessness was a virtual no-show: 87 Out of 94people opted forth easy task and gave the next guy the difficult one.Hypocrisy, however, showed up with bells on: every single person who made theselfish choice judged his own behavior less strictly--on average,4.5 vs3.1--than that of someone else who grabbed the easy task for himself.
The gap suggests howhypocrisy is possible. When we judge our own misbehaviors less harshly, DeSteno said, it may be because "we have this automatic, gut-level instinctto preserve our self-image. In our heart, maybe we′re just not as sensitive toour own immoral behaviors. People have learned that it pays to seem moral sinceit lets you avoid criticism and guilt. But even better is appearing moralwithout having to pay the cost of actually being moral-such as assigningyourself the tough job."
To test the role ofcognition in hypocrisy, De Steno had volunteers again assign themselves an easytask and a stranger a difficult one. But before judging the fairness of theiractions, they had to memorize seven numbers. This tactic keeps the brain′sthinking regions too tied up to think much about anything else, and it worked:hypocrisy vanished. People judged their own (selfish) behavior as harshly asthey did others′, strong evidence that moral hypocrisy requires
细节题。根据最后一段中的“…moral hypocrisy might not be as inevitableas if it were the child of emotions and instincts”可知，伪善并不像情感和直觉的产物那样不可避免，故A和C项说法错误。根据第一段中的“…Therole of emotion in moral judgments has overturned the Enlightenment notionthat…”可知，D项错误。根据最后一段中的“Since it’sa cognitive process，we have volitional control over it”可知，伪善可以通过意志控制,故B项正确。
“有为才有位，有位更有为”，这一看法给我们的启示是（ ）
对立统一规律揭示了事物发展的( )。
历史唯物主义认为人的价值在于（ ）
矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系是（ ）
在认识过程中具有更为重要意义的飞跃是指（）
毛泽东第一次提出“马克思列宁主义理论和中国革命的实践相结合”这个根本思想原则的著作是（ ）
真理的具体性体现在( )。
下列表述错误的是（ ）。
“没有抽象的真理，真理总是具体的。”这一思想可以理解为( )。
毛泽东在( )这篇文章中提出了“没有调查，就没有发言权”的著名论断。
