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发布时间： 2023-02-28 15:04
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Examinations Exert a Pemicious Influence on Education
We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don't count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a slepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of 'drop-outs': young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career?
Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge,but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are ofien judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective asssment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this iliterate message recently scrawled on a wall: 'I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire'.
The author's atitude toward examinations is________.
本题解析：暂无解析
He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised， at that moment,in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes,first published in a book called "The Hawk in the Rain" when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes 's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs.These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices-symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink.
lt was not only England that thought so either.Hughes's book was also published in America,where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963,Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide.Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died,Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poems called "Birthday Letters".In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters,Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death,which he calls his "big and unmanagcable event". He felt his talent muffled by the perpefual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten.
The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware.For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry. Some books of letters serve as a personalised historical chronicle.Poets' letters are seldom like that, and Hughes 's are noexception. His are about a life of literary engagement: almost all of them include some musing on the state or the nature of writing, both Hughes's own or other people's. The trajectory of Hughes's literary career had him moving from obscurity to fame, and then, in the eyes of many, to life-long notoriety. These letters are filled with his wrestling with the consequences of being the part-private,part-public creature that he became, desperate to devote himself to his writing,and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy.
Hughes is an absorbing and intricate commentator upon his own poetry,even when he is standing back from it and good-humouredly condemning himself for "its fantasticalia，its pretticisms and its infinite verballifications". He also believed, from first to last, that poetry had a special place in the education of children."What kids need", he wrote in a 1988 letter to the secretary of state for education in the Conservative government, " is a headfull [sic] of songs that are not songs but blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language." When that happens,children have "the guardian angel installed behind the tongue".Lucky readers, big or small.
From the letters,we may find the cause of Hughes's internal struggle is_______.
本题解析：暂无解析
Despite Denmark 's manifest virtues,Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes.This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say,"Denmark is a great country."You 're supposed to figure this out for yourself.
lt is the land of the silk safety net，where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities,and there is plenty of money for schools, day care,retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English,in advertising,pop music，the Internet，and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it———old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,"Few have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze,where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers —about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new——and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers——a brochure from the Ministry of Busines and Industry says，"Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organized countries,with virtually no pollution，crime，or poverty.Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. "So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings（"Foreigners Out of Denmark! "）, broken beer bottles in the gutters,drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However，Danes don't think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light peoplc—-—that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people，improvisers，more free spirited than Swedes，but the truth is（though one should not say it）that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point.Denmark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker,banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen,and these bright, young，English-speaking， utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia，the Baltic States, and Russia.Airports, seaports,highways, and rail lines are ultramoderm and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves.An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship,and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to,you 're as good as anyone else.The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
At the end of the passage the author states all the following except that_______.
本题解析：暂无解析
Despite Denmark 's manifest virtues,Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes.This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say,"Denmark is a great country."You 're supposed to figure this out for yourself.
lt is the land of the silk safety net，where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities,and there is plenty of money for schools, day care,retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English,in advertising,pop music，the Internet，and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it———old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,"Few have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze,where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers —about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new——and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers——a brochure from the Ministry of Busines and Industry says，"Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organized countries,with virtually no pollution，crime，or poverty.Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. "So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings（"Foreigners Out of Denmark! "）, broken beer bottles in the gutters,drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However，Danes don't think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light peoplc—-—that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people，improvisers，more free spirited than Swedes，but the truth is（though one should not say it）that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point.Denmark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker,banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen,and these bright, young，English-speaking， utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia，the Baltic States, and Russia.Airports, seaports,highways, and rail lines are ultramoderm and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves.An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship,and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to,you 're as good as anyone else.The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
The author's reaction to statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is______
本题解析：暂无解析
Despite Denmark 's manifest virtues,Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes.This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say,"Denmark is a great country."You 're supposed to figure this out for yourself.
lt is the land of the silk safety net，where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities,and there is plenty of money for schools, day care,retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English,in advertising,pop music，the Internet，and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it———old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,"Few have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze,where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers —about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new——and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers——a brochure from the Ministry of Busines and Industry says，"Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organized countries,with virtually no pollution，crime，or poverty.Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. "So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings（"Foreigners Out of Denmark! "）, broken beer bottles in the gutters,drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However，Danes don't think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light peoplc—-—that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people，improvisers，more free spirited than Swedes，but the truth is（though one should not say it）that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point.Denmark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker,banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen,and these bright, young，English-speaking， utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia，the Baltic States, and Russia.Airports, seaports,highways, and rail lines are ultramoderm and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves.An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship,and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to,you 're as good as anyone else.The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
The Author thinks that Danes adopt a______attitude towards their country.
本题解析：暂无解析
The distinction between parole and langue was proposed by_______.
本题解析：暂无解析
Easter is a holiday usually connected to the following except______.
本题解析：暂无解析
The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country______by the police each time.
本题解析：暂无解析
Examinations Exert a Pemicious Influence on Education
We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don't count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a slepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of 'drop-outs': young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career?
Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge,but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are ofien judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective asssment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this iliterate message recently scrawled on a wall: 'I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire'.
The main idea of this passage is_______.
本题解析：暂无解析
He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised， at that moment,in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes,first published in a book called "The Hawk in the Rain" when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes 's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs.These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices-symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink.
lt was not only England that thought so either.Hughes's book was also published in America,where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963,Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide.Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died,Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poems called "Birthday Letters".In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters,Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death,which he calls his "big and unmanagcable event". He felt his talent muffled by the perpefual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten.
The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware.For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry. Some books of letters serve as a personalised historical chronicle.Poets' letters are seldom like that, and Hughes 's are noexception. His are about a life of literary engagement: almost all of them include some musing on the state or the nature of writing, both Hughes's own or other people's. The trajectory of Hughes's literary career had him moving from obscurity to fame, and then, in the eyes of many, to life-long notoriety. These letters are filled with his wrestling with the consequences of being the part-private,part-public creature that he became, desperate to devote himself to his writing,and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy.
Hughes is an absorbing and intricate commentator upon his own poetry,even when he is standing back from it and good-humouredly condemning himself for "its fantasticalia，its pretticisms and its infinite verballifications". He also believed, from first to last, that poetry had a special place in the education of children."What kids need", he wrote in a 1988 letter to the secretary of state for education in the Conservative government, " is a headfull [sic] of songs that are not songs but blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language." When that happens,children have "the guardian angel installed behind the tongue".Lucky readers, big or small.
According to the third paragraph, Hughes's collection of letters are_______.
本题解析：暂无解析
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