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When American soldiers return home from war with disabilities,they often suffer twice--first from their combat injuries,next from the humiliation of government dependency.
Wounded veterans learn they have two basic choices:They can receive almost$3000 a month in disability benefits along with medical care and access to other various welfare programs,or they can try to find a job.Especially in this economy,it's no wonder that many find that first option hard to turn down.
Mark Duggan,an economics professor at Stanford University,reports that enrollment in U.S.veterans'disability programs rose from 2.3 million in 2001 to 3.9 million in 2014.The percentage of veterans receiving benefits doubled,from 8.9%in 2001 to 18%in 2014.Disability services for veterans now consume$59 billion of the$151 billion department of Veterans Affairs budget.
In the 1980s and 1990s,male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than non-veterans.But since 2000,that has changed dramatically.Now there is a 4%gap between veteran and non-veteran labor participation,with veteran participation lower.
Navy SEAL Eric Greitens,founder of The Mission Continues,explains how soldiers who served their country are transformed into welfare receivers who live off their country.
"When veterans come home from war they are going through a tremendous change in identity,"he says."Then the United States Department of Veterans Affairs,and others,encourage them to view themselves as disabled."By the time they come to Greitens'non-profit organization,"We meet a number of veterans who see themselves as charity cases and are not sure anymore what they have to contribute."
There are also more practical factors driving the disability boom.One is the expansion of qualification criteria.In 2000,for instance,type 2 diabetes was added as a disability because of evidence linking exposure to Agent Orange with the onset of the disease.Heart disease has also been added to the list.
Another possible factor is that younger veterans seem less against welfare than their parents'generation.Veterans who have served since the 1990s are much more likely to sign up for disability than their older counterparts;1 in 4 younger veterans is on disability,versus just 1 in 7 of those over age 54.
We shouldn't go back to the bad-old days when veterans were afraid to admit weakness.But Lt.Col.Daniel Gade is one of many veterans who think our disability system is harmful psychologically,to former soldiers.Gade lost his leg in combat in 2005 and now teaches at West Point.He recently gave a talk to disabled veterans at Ft.Carson,Colo.,in which he urged them to rejoin the workforce.
"People who stay home because they are getting paid enough to get by on disability are worse off,"he warned."They are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol.They are more likely to live alone."
What a waste of human potential,especially since most veterans on disability still have their prime working years ahead of them when they're discharged.
We could solve this problem by changing the way we view--and label--veterans with disabilities.As Gade noted in a recent article,"Veterans should be viewed as resources,not as damaged goods."He recommended that"efforts to help veterans should begin by recognizing their abilities rather than focusing only on their disabilities,and should serve the ultimate aim of moving wounded soldiers to real self-sufficiency."
On a more practical note,the United States Department of Veterans Affairs could reallocate resources to spend more on job training and less on disability.Current placement programs are sadly inadequate.
We are good at sending soldiers off to war.Yet when these young men and women return home,they are essentially told,"We'll give you enough for a reasonably comfortable life,but we won't help you find a job."
It is unreasonable that we are condemning thousands of young veterans who served their country to life on the dole rather than enabling them to reenter the workforce with the necessary accommodations.
What did veterans use to do in the 1980s and 1990s?查看材料
细节题。根据题干定位到文章的第四段。根据“In the l980s and l990s．．male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than non--veterans”可知在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代，退伍军人是劳动力的主要来源，故B项正确。二十一世纪以后，越来越多的退伍军人更愿意享受福利，而不是寻找工作，所以A、D两项与题干不符。文章没有提到当时的退伍军人找工作难的问题，排除C。故本题选B。
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